Care and Management: Lactating animals.
1. Protection against inclement weather.
2. Housing – Discussed earlier – space requirement.
3. Hygiene and sanitation of cattle shed and animals grooming, washing, disinfection etc.
4. Feeding a) concentrate – DM, DCP TDN b) Roughages – GF – L, NL – DF
Thumb Rule : 450 –500 g Concentrate / Kg. milk production
DCP 15% : TDN 75% : M.33% GNC : 25% Wheat Bran : 40% Mineral Mixture : 1% Salt :
1%
Green Fodder – 1/3 L : 2/3 NL
5. Peak yield – 6 week – ‘ca’ definition 1-1-1.3/1.18 g ca : 1.1/1.0 g ‘p’ Supplemented : Lime coat manger : ca i/v injection
6. Breeding – 60 days after calving does not come to heat – check with veterinary Doctor. 7. Artificial Insemination – Pregnancy verification – 90 days
conception delayed – 2 A.I : check – 13-14 month calf.
8. Pregnant – 45 – 60 days period.
9. Drying – withdraw concentrate : feed dry fodder : milking alternate M/E –4 days. 10. Periodical vaccination
RP, Bq, Hs, Anthrax Once in a year.
Foot and mouth – once – 4 months. 11. Isolation of pregnant animal
Gilmore (1952) reproductive efficiency
RE = 12 x No.of calves born/(age of cot (month) – Age at 1st breeding) + 3 x 100
= 12 x 4 / (60-15) + 3 x 100 = 12 x4/48 x 100 = 100%
Care and management of Work Bullocks
1. 60% - 70% of time – allotted to care and management of limbs and neck.
2. Total energy required for Agrl. Sector is 44 million hp energy for both stationery and tillage. 11.8
million hp – Human source : 28.0 million hp Livestock : 4.2 mhp – electricity
80 million work animals : 70 million work bullocks : 8 million . Buffalo
3. Avoid over working the bullocks. The work should be evenly distributed in such a way that light
and heavy work are distributed evenly.
2. Protect the bullocks from rain and inclement weather exposure
3. Lean type roof on the side of farmers house.
4. Shoe the bullock properly before using them for work on hard ground.
5. The hoof should be prepared first and shoe should made to fit the natural shape of hoof.
6. Shoeing – road work – once in a month
Field work – once in two months.
7. Hooves should be hard, black and waxy
the two halves should be even. The cleft of hoof should be narrow.
8. Grooming is essential as it increases cutaneous respiration, spreads subcutaneous uniformly
and parasitic infection is avoided.
9. Feeding depends of type work
1. Normal – 2-4 hours
2. Heavy - 8 hours (Ploughing, pulling loaded cart etc.)
Care, management of Pregnant animals
1. Identify pregnant-afterA.I.-90 days
2. Provide gentle treatment
3. First quarter of gestation period are critical
4. In early stages of pregnancy disturbances can cause abortion.
5. Provide concentrate feed 3.5 kg per day.
6. Provide 25 – 35 Kg. Greed fodder per day and 5 Kg. Paddy straw.
7. Minimum 45 – 60 days of dry period is essential.
8. Avoid long distance travel.
9. Avoid slippery condition in the shed.
10.Avoid chasing by dogs, bulls or children.
11.Avoid infighting between pregnant animals.
12.Separate pregnant animals from recently aborted animals or carriers of diseases like brucellosis.
13.Provide adequate clean drinking water
14.Protect against extremes of climate.
